2026年 01期
三维编织复合材料结构多尺度力学特性
Multi-Scale Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Braided Composite Structures
罗海波;王谦;杨燕初;邬军;李涛;冯涛;何小辉;龚文韬; LUO Haibo;WANG Qian;YANG Yanchu;WU Jun;LI Tao;FENG Tao;HE Xiaohui;GONG Wentao;为了给临近空间工程应用提供依据，对三维编织预埋刺辊连接圆管结构进行了力学性能探索。首先，对三维编织单胞细观结构进行设计和分析，得到弹性模量和泊松比等基本力学参数。然后，对三维五向（3D5D）编织预埋刺辊连接复合材料圆管进行拉伸和压缩力学性能测试，分析影响承载力学性能的结构设计参数，讨论编织角、编织厚度和编织构型对圆管承载能力的影响因素。最后，通过损伤形貌分析圆管结构的失效机制，并利用扫描电镜观测并分析微观结构损伤机理。结果表明：在同样外径情况下，3D5D编织比三维全五向编织的拉伸失效载荷大；在同样编织构型和外径情况下，圆管壁越厚，压缩失效载荷越大。ϕ30t3-C圆管获得了最大的压缩失效载荷，损伤形貌表现为刺辊接头滑脱失效；ϕ30t2.5-T和ϕ25t3-T圆管均获得了较大的拉伸失效载荷，平均超过120 kN，失效形貌表现为刺辊接头拉脱与圆管端部纤维胀裂；ϕ30t3-T圆管拉伸平均失效载荷超过105 kN。研究结果可为临近空间浮空器结构轻质高强承载设计和飞行应用提供重要的科学依据。
The mechanical properties of three-dimensional(3D)braided pre-embedded licker-in connecting tubular structures were investigated to provide a basis for near-space engineering applications.First, the meso-structure of a 3D braided unit cell was designed and analyzed to obtain fundamental mechanical parameters, such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio. Subsequently, tensile and compressive mechanical tests were conducted on 3D five-directional(3D5D)braided composite tubes with pre-embedded licker-in connections. The structural design parameters influencing load-bearing performance were analyzed, including the effects of the braiding angle, thickness, and configuration on the tube's load capacity.Finally, the failure mechanisms of the tubular structures were examined through damage morphology analysis, and macroscopic structural damage mechanisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy.The results indicate that under the same outer diameter, 3D5D braided tubes exhibit higher tensile failure loads than 3D5D fully braided tubes. For tubes with identical braiding configurations and outer diameter,the wall thickness enhances compressive failure load, with the φ30t3-C tube achieving the highest compressive failure load and the failure mode being manifested as licker-in joint slippage. Meanwhile, both the-φ25t3-T and φ30t2.5-T tubes demonstrate high failure loads, with average tensile loads exceeding 120 kN and the failure mode involves licker-in joint pull-out and fiber bursting at the tube ends. The φ 30t3-T tube exhibits an average tensile failure load of over 105 kN. The findings serve as an important sci-entific reference for light-weight, high-strength load-bearing design and flight applications of near-space aerostats.
协同区域导航的临地伪卫星网络几何构型规划
Ground-and Nearspace-Based Pseudolites Network Geometry Configuration Planning in Regional Navigation by Cooperation
曲艺;王生;冯慧;罗海波;刘强;李崔春; QU Yi;WANG Sheng;FENG Hui;LUO Haibo;LIU Qiang;LI Cuichun;为改善地基伪卫星和气球伪卫星开展协同区域导航应用的服务性能，提出一种临地协同伪卫星网络几何构型规划方法。首先，针对临地协同区域导航应用场景，设计了基于几何精度因子和水平精度因子的伪卫星网络几何构型性能评价指标；其次，分析了气球伪卫星的运动学特征和临近空间的环境风场特征，构建了主动调节飞行高度和利用环境风场的气球伪卫星轨迹调节策略；最后，提出了基于正余弦算法的伪卫星网络几何构型规划算法，讨论了规划算法的约束条件并开展了仿真验证。结果表明：所提算法能够充分利用环境风场随时空条件变化的特点，合理规划气球伪卫星的飞行轨迹，延长其服务时间，从而改善临地协同伪卫星网络的几何精度因子和水平精度因子，进而优化伪卫星网络的导航服务性能，为气球伪卫星在导航领域的应用提供了技术参考。
A nearspace-based cooperation pseudolite network geometry configuration planning algorithm was proposed to improve the regional navigation service performance provided by the cooperation of ground-and high altitude balloon(HAB)-based pseudolites. First, a pseudolite network geometry configuration performance indicator was designed based on geometric and horizontal dilations of precision in application scenarios of regional navigation by nearspace-based cooperation. Subsequently, the kinematic characteristics of HAB-based pseudolites and environmental wind field characteristics of nearspace were analyzed, and a HAB-based pseudolite trajectory adjustment strategy of actively changing flight altitudes and utilizing environmental wind field was constructed. Finally, a pseudolite network geometry configuration planning algorithm based on sine-cosine algorithm was proposed, with its constraints discussed and verified through simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively exploit the variation of environmental wind field with spatio-temporal conditions, and reasonably plan the flight trajectory of HAB-based pseudolites, thereby extending the service duration. It improves the geometric and horizontal accuracy factors of nearspace-based cooperation pseudolite networks, thereby optimizing the navigation service performance of pseudolite networks and providing technical references for the application of HAB-based pseudolites in navigation.
考虑渐进损伤的复合材料加筋圆柱壳后屈曲优化设计
Post-Buckling Optimization of Composite-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Incorporating Progressive Damage
王悦;王志祥;李道奎; WANG Yue;WANG Zhixiang;LI Daokui;为探究轴压载荷下复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的承载潜力和失效模式，开展了考虑渐进损伤的复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构后屈曲分析及优化设计。首先，基于显式动力学方法和Hashin失效准则，分析了复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的极限载荷和失效模式。在此基础上，分析了蒙皮铺层顺序对3种典型复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的极限载荷影响规律。进一步采用序列近似优化方法，分别获得了3种典型复合材料加筋圆柱壳优化结构。结果表明：轴压载荷下，复合材料横置六边形加筋圆柱壳结构在承载能力和承载效率方面均展现出显著优势，相比初始设计，其提升幅度分别为37.5%和31.8%；与其他2种构型相比，复合材料横置六边形加筋圆柱壳结构极限载荷分别提高10.6%和4.4%；轴压载荷下，纤维/基体相继损伤失效是加筋圆柱壳压溃破坏的主要机理。因此，需综合考虑材料损伤和结构稳定性进行后屈曲分析，获取复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的极限载荷。
To explore the load-bearing potential and failure modes of composite-stiffened cylindrical shells under axial compression, post-buckling analysis and optimization design were conducted by incorporating progressive damage. The ultimate load and failure modes were analyzed using the explicit dynamics method and Hashin failure criterion. On this basis, the influence of skin layup sequence on the ultimate load of three typical composite stiffened cylindrical shells was investigated. Furthermore, the sequential approximate optimization method was adopted to obtain the optimized structures of the three typical composite-stiffened cylindrical shells. The results demonstrate that under axial compression, the composite transverse hexagonal stiffened cylindrical shell structure shows significant advantages in both load-bearing capacity and efficiency, with improvements of 37.5% and 31.8%, respectively, compared with the initial design, and an increase in ultimate load by 10.6% and 4.4%, respectively,with respect to the other two configurations. Under axial compression, the sequential damage and failure of fibers and matrices are the main mechanisms of crushing failure of stiffened cylindrical shells. Therefore, post-buckling analysis should be carried out by comprehensively considering material damage and structural stability to obtain the ultimate load of composite-stiffened cylindrical shells.
耐烧蚀高熵涂层制备、评估与优化设计研究进展
Research Progress on the Preparation, Evaluation, and Optimal Design of Ablation-Resistant High-Entropy Coatings
李慧东;袁晓静;刘浩宇;姜楠;张敏;许东升;罗伟蓬; LI Huidong;YUAN Xiaojing;LIU Haoyu;JIANG Nan;ZHANG Min;XU Dongsheng;LUO Weipeng;航天装备关键部件须经受高温高载及复杂环境的严苛考验，其热端部件的可靠服役性能一直是航天领域研究的热点问题之一。超高温高速气流冲刷、高能武器威胁造成的烧蚀等极端条件下，热防护涂层须具备稳定的高温服役能力。近年来，高熵材料凭借优异的机械性能、热稳定性和化学稳定性，备受航天材料领域关注。针对高超音速飞行器在长航时飞行中对典型结构件的耐烧蚀需求，分析了耐烧蚀高熵涂层设计、制备与评估进展；重点分析了多组元高熵材料的组分优选策略和热防护涂层的先进制备工艺，并探讨了其性能调控机制，为高性能耐烧蚀高熵涂层的制备与性能提升提供了参考。
The reliable service performance of hot-end components has long been a research focus in the aerospace field, as key components of aerospace equipment are subjected to rigorous tests under complex conditions involving high thermal and loads. Under extreme enviroments, such as high-thermal and high-speed gas flow erosion, and ablation caused by high-energy weapons, thermal protective coatings are required to maintain stable high-thermal service capabilities. In recent years, high-entropy materials, characterized by excellent mechanical properties, thermal and chemical stabilities, have attracted significant attention in the aerospace material field. Accordingly, the design, preparation, and evaluation progress of ablation-resistant high-entropy coatings were reviewed to address the need for ablation-resistant components of hypersonic vehicles in long-duration flights. The optimization strategies for multi-component high-entropy materials and advanced preparation processes for thermal protective coatings were analyzed, and the performance control machanisms were explored, providing support for the preparation and performance enhancement of high-performance ablation-resistant high-entropy coatings.
基于耗散伪应变能的NEPE固体推进剂疲劳损伤演化模型
Fatigue Damage Evolution Model for NEPE Solid Propellant Based on Dissipated Pseudo-Strain Energy
吴凡几;张文沁;张大鹏;雷勇军; WU Fanji;ZHANG Wenqin;ZHANG Dapeng;LEI Yongjun;针对长时间公路运输后高能硝酸酯增塑聚醚（nitrate ester plasticized polyether,NEPE）固体推进剂的疲劳损伤表征问题，开展了应力控制模式下的循环拉伸试验，采用耗散伪应变能作为NEPE固体推进剂疲劳损伤过程的损伤因子，将疲劳损伤演化过程视作是蠕变损伤、拉压疲劳损伤及断裂损伤进程的叠加，构建了NEPE固体推进剂疲劳损伤演化模型并开展参数分析。结果表明：NEPE固体推进剂在应力控制的循环载荷作用下会表现出明显的应变落后于应力的滞后特征，并伴随着能量耗散现象，所定义的损伤因子可以有效量化其损伤演化过程；疲劳损伤演化模型可以精确表征NEPE固体推进剂在循环加载时的损伤衰减增长、稳态增长和加速增长3个阶段；加载最大应力对疲劳损伤演化起决定性作用，加载最大应力降低时，损伤演化的主导因素会逐渐由蠕变损伤向拉压疲劳损伤转变。
Cyclic tensile tests were conducted under stress-controlled conditions to address the issue of fatigue damage characterization in high-energy nitrate ester plasticized polyether(NEPE)solid propellants after long-term highway transportation. The dissipated pseudo-strain energy was adopted as the damage factor for the fatigue damage process of NEPE solid propellants. The fatigue damage evolution process was regarded as a superposition of the damages from creep, tensile-compressive fatigue, and fracture. A fatigue damage evolution model for NEPE solid propellants was constructed, and parameter analyses were conducted. The results indicate that NEPE solid propellants exhibit a significant stress-strain hysteresis characteristic, with strain lagging behind stress under stress-controlled cyclic loading, accompanied by energy dissipation phenomena. The defined damage factor can effectively quantify the damage evolution process. The fatigue damage evolution model can precisely characterize the three growth stages of NEPE solid propellants under cyclic loading, namely decay, steady-state, and accelerated growth. The maximum loading stress plays a decisive role in fatigue damage evolution. When the maximum loading stress decreases, the dominant factor in damage evolution gradually shifts from creep damage to tensile-compressive fatigue damage.
复杂场景降质图像去雾方法研究综述
Review on Dehazing Algorithm for Degraded Images in Complex Scenes
李庆辉;崔智高;陈玉强;兰云伟;蔡艳平;苏延召; LI Qinghui;CUI Zhigao;CHEN Yuqiang;LAN Yunwei;CAI Yanping;SU Yanzhao;针对雾霾天气下图像质量严重退化，导致目标检测、语义分割、行人重识别等高级视觉任务性能下降的问题，对复杂场景降质图像去雾技术进行了综述。首先，介绍了雾霾图像的形成机理及其退化模型；其次，系统回顾了从传统基于物理模型的图像去雾方法到当前基于深度学习的图像去雾方法的技术演变，详细阐述了几类主流图像去雾算法的特点、优势和局限性；最后，介绍了图像去雾领域常用的数据集和评价指标，并针对图像去雾技术未来的发展趋势进行了深入探讨，以期能够为相关领域的研究者提供有价值的参考，共同推动图像去雾技术向着更加智能化、实用化的方向迈进。
To address the issue of performance degradation in advanced visual tasks, such as object detection, semantic segmentation, and person re-identification caused by complex degraded images under haze weather conditions, an overview of dehazing techniques for degraded images in complex scenes was provided. First, the formation mechanism of haze images and the degradation models were introduced. Second, the evolution from conventional physical model-based image dehazing methods to current deep learning-based approaches was reviewed, providing a detailed analysis of the characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each method. Finally, common datasets and evaluation metrics in the field were presented and future development trends were discussed to provide valuable references for researchers in related fields and jointly promote image dehazing technologies towards a more intelegent and practical direction.
多模态巡飞器时敏目标检测数据集构建
Construction of an Aircraft Multimodal Time-Sensitive Object-Detection Dataset
申通;王思宇;杨小冈;卢瑞涛; SHEN Tong;WANG Siyu;YANG Xiaogang;LU Ruitao;Rocket Force University of Engineering;针对现有多模态目标检测数据集目标种类单一、场景覆盖有限、图像视角与巡飞器不适配等问题，构建了一套面向巡飞器应用的多模态时敏目标检测数据集，旨在为巡飞器目标检测算法的训练评估提供数据支撑。首先，综合利用实景拍摄和遥感影像平台生成2种方式，采集种类丰富、场景多样的时敏目标图像；其次，基于SuperPoint和SuperGlue算法实现多模态图像的空间对齐，确保目标在跨模态数据中的位置一致性；进而采用图像合成和风格迁移方法进行数据增广，以平衡模态分布并扩充数据规模；最后，通过语义分割算法实现时敏目标的自动标注。实验结果表明：所构建的数据集相较于其他多模态目标数据监测数据集，数据量更加充足，目标种类更加多样，场景覆盖更加广泛。
To address the problems of existing multimodal object detection datasets, such as single target category, insufficient scene coverage, and image perspective mismatch with aircrafts, a multimodal time-sensitive object-detection dataset specifically designed for aircraft applications was constructed. This dataset aimed to provide data support for the training and evaluation of target detection algorithms. First,diverse time-sensitive target images were acquired by integrating real-scene shooting and remote sensing image platform generation. Second, spatial alignment among multimodal images was achieved using the SuperPoint and SuperGlue algorithms to ensure the positional consistency of targets across modalities. Furthermore, image synthesis and style transfer techniques were employed for data augmentation to balance the inter-modal distribution and expand the dataset scale. Finally, automatic annotation of time-sensitive targets was accomplished through a semantic segmentation algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that compared with other multimodal target monitoring datasets, the constructed dataset is substantial in volume, diverse in target categories, and extensive in scene coverage.
武器弹药毁伤效能仿真评估研究综述
Review of Simulation-Based Evaluation of Weapons and Ammunition Damage Effectiveness
徐恒威;卢永刚;卢正操;李军润;冯晓伟;吕晓; XU Hengwei;LU Yonggang;LU Zhengcao;LI Junrun;FENG Xiaowei;LYU Xiao;在智能化与精准化军事需求的驱动下，武器弹药毁伤效能的仿真评估技术已成为作战决策制定与装备体系优化的重要支撑手段。围绕毁伤效能仿真评估的评估方法、评估模型与评估软件展开系统综述，梳理了相关领域的发展脉络与代表性研究成果。重点分析了以基于虚拟模型的目标易损性/战斗部威力评估法为代表的仿真评估方法，系统评述了战斗部威力模型、目标易损性描述模型、弹目作用模型与目标毁伤评估模型的研究进展与存在问题。通过归纳国内典型仿真评估软件的技术特征，揭示了当前在多样化需求适配性与系统兼容性方面的关键技术瓶颈。面向未来作战形态的演进趋势，提出了战斗部威力场建模技术的标准化、毁伤效应分析方法的精细化以及人工智能在评估方法中的深度融合等重点研究方向，旨在为后续技术攻关与体系构建提供理论支撑与路径指引。
Driven by the demands for intelligent and precision-based warfare, simulation-based evaluation technologies for weapons and ammunition damage effectiveness have become critical support tools in operational decision-making and equipment system optimization. This study provided a systematic review of evaluation methodologies, models, and software, tracing the development trajectory and representative research achievements in these areas. Particular emphasis was placed on simulation-based evaluation methods, represented by virtual model-based target vulnerability and explosive warhead evaluation methods. A comprehensive review of the research progress and existing challenges in warhead lethality, target vulnerability, ammunition-target interaction models, as well as overall damage assessment frameworks was provided. By comparing the technical characteristics of typical domestic simulation evaluation software, the key technological bottlenecks were identified in terms of adaptability to diversified combat needs and system interoperability. In view of future combat evolution trends, the study proposed key research directions for the standardization of warhead effect field modeling, refinement of damage effect analysis methods, and deep incorporation of artificial intelligence into evaluation frameworks, aiming to provide theoretical support and strategic guidance for future technological breakthroughs and system development.
基于组合赋权与模糊综合评价的国防工程保障能力评估
Assessment of National Defense Engineering Support Capability Based on Combination Weighting and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation
许令亮;王保成;樊宇韬;赵沙乐;何芳; XU Lingliang;WANG Baocheng;FAN Yutao;ZHAO Shale;HE Fang;针对国防工程保障能力指标权重赋值缺乏合理性、受主客观因素影响较大、评估标准不统一以及评估过程缺乏透明度等问题，结合多专家知识和客观数据分析，提出多专家序-信息熵权组合法来确定体系中各个指标权重，从而提高权重设定的准确性和科学性。在权重确定的基础上，构建模糊综合评价模型，处理不确定性或模糊性信息，从定性和定量2个角度进行评估，使得评估结果更加符合实际情况。实例仿真结果表明：相比于传统多专家序法和信息熵权法，提出的组合赋权法计算过程简单高效，权重赋值更加合理，为保障能力评估奠定了科学基础；通过搭建的模糊综合评价模型，从定性隶属度方面得出，工程3最优、工程1次之、工程2属于差级，从定量评价得分角度得出，国防工程1～3的保障能力得分分别为90.865 3、56.678 3和91.472 4，定性和定量分析结果相互印证，整体评价结果和现实情况相符，为国防工程保障能力的持续改进和决策支持提供了参考。
A multi-expert order and information entropy weight combination method was proposed based on multi-expert knowledge and objective data analysis to address problems, such as the lack of rationality in weight assignment of national defense engineering support capability indicators, significant influence of subjective and objective factors, inconsistent evaluation standards, and lack of transparency in the evaluation process. The weight of each index in the system was determined to improve the accuracy and scientific nature of weight assignment. Based on the determined weights, a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was constructed to deal with uncertainty or fuzzy information. The evaluations were conducted from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, ensuring that the evaluation results aligned with actual conditions.Simulation results show that compared with the traditional multi-expert order and information entropy weight methods, the calculation process of the proposed combination method is simpler and more efficient,and the weight assignment is more reasonable, thereby laying a scientific foundation for support capability evaluation. From a qualitative membership perspective, the established fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model shows that Project 3 is optimal, Project 1 ranks second, and Project 2 is inferior. From the perspective of quantitative evaluation scores, the support capability scores of the three national defense projects are90.865 3, 56.678 3 and 91.472 4, respectively. The qualitative and quantitative analysis results confirm each other, and the overall evaluation results are consistent with actual conditions, providing a reference for the continuous improvement and decision-making support of national defense engineering support capability.
隧道钻爆法施工不同阶段CO污染物扩散特性
Diffusion Characteristics of CO Pollutants at Different Construction Stages of Tunnel Drilling and Blasting
杨帅;任锐;刘渊;董婧;杜娟;冯江;高成强;师金锋; YANG Shuai;REN Rui;LIU Yuan;DONG Jing;DU Juan;FENG Jiang;GAO Chengqiang;SHI Jinfeng;Rocket Force University of Engineering;为明晰隧道钻爆法施工过程中CO的动态扩散机制并提升施工安全性，采用数值模拟方法建立了隧道施工不同阶段的污染物扩散模型，并通过现场测试验证了数值模型的可靠性，同时分析了不同施工阶段、风管风速、初始质量分数和出渣车车速对CO扩散特性的影响规律。结果表明：在爆破初期，CO迅速充斥在掌子面附近的抛掷区域内，随后CO云团发生对流变形，其影响范围随通风时间呈先增加后减小的趋势；出渣阶段，在交通风与机械风耦合作用下，距离出渣车尾部5 m范围内的CO质量分数呈现中间高、四周低的分布形式；增加风管风速可以缩短通风时间，但两者并非线性关系，在兼顾环保与通风效率的基础上，推荐风管风速为15 m/s左右；CO初始质量分数越低，达到隧道施工安全规范的用时越少；随着出渣车行驶速度的增加，CO质量分数降低，扩散范围变广，因此在规定允许范围内可以适当增加出渣车的行驶速度。
A numerical simulation method was employed to establish a pollutant diffusion model for different construction stages to clarify the dynamic diffusion mechanism of CO during tunnel drilling and blasting construction and enhance construction safety. The reliability of the model was verified through onsite tests. The effects of construction stages, air duct ventilation velocity, initial mass fraction, and muck truck speed on CO diffusion characteristics were analyzed. The results show that in the early stage of blasting, CO quickly fills the throwing area near the working face. The CO cloud then undergoes convective deformation, with the impact range first increasing and then decreasing with ventilation time. During the mucking stage, under the coupling effect of traffic and mechanical winds, the CO mass fraction within 5 m from the tail of the mucking truck presents a distribution pattern that is higher in the middle and lower in the surrounding area. Increasing the air duct ventilation velocity can reduce ventilation time. However, the effect is nonlinear, and an air duct ventilation velocity of approximately 15 m/s is recommended, considering both environmental protection and ventilation efficiency. The lower the initial CO mass fraction, the earlier it meets the tunnel construction safety specifications. As the speed of the muck truck increases, the CO mass fraction decreases and its diffusion range widens. Therefore, within the permissible range of regulations, appropriately increasing the truck speed is recommended.
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