三维编织复合材料结构多尺度力学特性

Multi-Scale Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional Braided Composite Structures

罗海波;王谦;杨燕初;邬军;李涛;冯涛;何小辉;龚文韬; LUO Haibo;WANG Qian;YANG Yanchu;WU Jun;LI Tao;FENG Tao;HE Xiaohui;GONG Wentao;

为了给临近空间工程应用提供依据，对三维编织预埋刺辊连接圆管结构进行了力学性能探索。首先，对三维编织单胞细观结构进行设计和分析，得到弹性模量和泊松比等基本力学参数。然后，对三维五向（3D5D）编织预埋刺辊连接复合材料圆管进行拉伸和压缩力学性能测试，分析影响承载力学性能的结构设计参数，讨论编织角、编织厚度和编织构型对圆管承载能力的影响因素。最后，通过损伤形貌分析圆管结构的失效机制，并利用扫描电镜观测并分析微观结构损伤机理。结果表明：在同样外径情况下，3D5D编织比三维全五向编织的拉伸失效载荷大；在同样编织构型和外径情况下，圆管壁越厚，压缩失效载荷越大。ϕ30t3-C圆管获得了最大的压缩失效载荷，损伤形貌表现为刺辊接头滑脱失效；ϕ30t2.5-T和ϕ25t3-T圆管均获得了较大的拉伸失效载荷，平均超过120 kN，失效形貌表现为刺辊接头拉脱与圆管端部纤维胀裂；ϕ30t3-T圆管拉伸平均失效载荷超过105 kN。研究结果可为临近空间浮空器结构轻质高强承载设计和飞行应用提供重要的科学依据。

The mechanical properties of three-dimensional(3D)braided pre-embedded licker-in connecting tubular structures were investigated to provide a basis for near-space engineering applications.First, the meso-structure of a 3D braided unit cell was designed and analyzed to obtain fundamental mechanical parameters, such as elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio. Subsequently, tensile and compressive mechanical tests were conducted on 3D five-directional(3D5D)braided composite tubes with pre-embedded licker-in connections. The structural design parameters influencing load-bearing performance were analyzed, including the effects of the braiding angle, thickness, and configuration on the tube's load capacity.Finally, the failure mechanisms of the tubular structures were examined through damage morphology analysis, and macroscopic structural damage mechanisms were investigated using scanning electron microscopy.The results indicate that under the same outer diameter, 3D5D braided tubes exhibit higher tensile failure loads than 3D5D fully braided tubes. For tubes with identical braiding configurations and outer diameter,the wall thickness enhances compressive failure load, with the φ30t3-C tube achieving the highest compressive failure load and the failure mode being manifested as licker-in joint slippage. Meanwhile, both the-φ25t3-T and φ30t2.5-T tubes demonstrate high failure loads, with average tensile loads exceeding 120 kN and the failure mode involves licker-in joint pull-out and fiber bursting at the tube ends. The φ 30t3-T tube exhibits an average tensile failure load of over 105 kN. The findings serve as an important sci-entific reference for light-weight, high-strength load-bearing design and flight applications of near-space aerostats.

协同区域导航的临地伪卫星网络几何构型规划

Ground-and Nearspace-Based Pseudolites Network Geometry Configuration Planning in Regional Navigation by Cooperation

曲艺;王生;冯慧;罗海波;刘强;李崔春; QU Yi;WANG Sheng;FENG Hui;LUO Haibo;LIU Qiang;LI Cuichun;

为改善地基伪卫星和气球伪卫星开展协同区域导航应用的服务性能，提出一种临地协同伪卫星网络几何构型规划方法。首先，针对临地协同区域导航应用场景，设计了基于几何精度因子和水平精度因子的伪卫星网络几何构型性能评价指标；其次，分析了气球伪卫星的运动学特征和临近空间的环境风场特征，构建了主动调节飞行高度和利用环境风场的气球伪卫星轨迹调节策略；最后，提出了基于正余弦算法的伪卫星网络几何构型规划算法，讨论了规划算法的约束条件并开展了仿真验证。结果表明：所提算法能够充分利用环境风场随时空条件变化的特点，合理规划气球伪卫星的飞行轨迹，延长其服务时间，从而改善临地协同伪卫星网络的几何精度因子和水平精度因子，进而优化伪卫星网络的导航服务性能，为气球伪卫星在导航领域的应用提供了技术参考。

A nearspace-based cooperation pseudolite network geometry configuration planning algorithm was proposed to improve the regional navigation service performance provided by the cooperation of ground-and high altitude balloon(HAB)-based pseudolites. First, a pseudolite network geometry configuration performance indicator was designed based on geometric and horizontal dilations of precision in application scenarios of regional navigation by nearspace-based cooperation. Subsequently, the kinematic characteristics of HAB-based pseudolites and environmental wind field characteristics of nearspace were analyzed, and a HAB-based pseudolite trajectory adjustment strategy of actively changing flight altitudes and utilizing environmental wind field was constructed. Finally, a pseudolite network geometry configuration planning algorithm based on sine-cosine algorithm was proposed, with its constraints discussed and verified through simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively exploit the variation of environmental wind field with spatio-temporal conditions, and reasonably plan the flight trajectory of HAB-based pseudolites, thereby extending the service duration. It improves the geometric and horizontal accuracy factors of nearspace-based cooperation pseudolite networks, thereby optimizing the navigation service performance of pseudolite networks and providing technical references for the application of HAB-based pseudolites in navigation.

考虑渐进损伤的复合材料加筋圆柱壳后屈曲优化设计

Post-Buckling Optimization of Composite-Stiffened Cylindrical Shells Incorporating Progressive Damage

王悦;王志祥;李道奎; WANG Yue;WANG Zhixiang;LI Daokui;

为探究轴压载荷下复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的承载潜力和失效模式，开展了考虑渐进损伤的复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构后屈曲分析及优化设计。首先，基于显式动力学方法和Hashin失效准则，分析了复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的极限载荷和失效模式。在此基础上，分析了蒙皮铺层顺序对3种典型复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的极限载荷影响规律。进一步采用序列近似优化方法，分别获得了3种典型复合材料加筋圆柱壳优化结构。结果表明：轴压载荷下，复合材料横置六边形加筋圆柱壳结构在承载能力和承载效率方面均展现出显著优势，相比初始设计，其提升幅度分别为37.5%和31.8%；与其他2种构型相比，复合材料横置六边形加筋圆柱壳结构极限载荷分别提高10.6%和4.4%；轴压载荷下，纤维/基体相继损伤失效是加筋圆柱壳压溃破坏的主要机理。因此，需综合考虑材料损伤和结构稳定性进行后屈曲分析，获取复合材料加筋圆柱壳结构的极限载荷。

To explore the load-bearing potential and failure modes of composite-stiffened cylindrical shells under axial compression, post-buckling analysis and optimization design were conducted by incorporating progressive damage. The ultimate load and failure modes were analyzed using the explicit dynamics method and Hashin failure criterion. On this basis, the influence of skin layup sequence on the ultimate load of three typical composite stiffened cylindrical shells was investigated. Furthermore, the sequential approximate optimization method was adopted to obtain the optimized structures of the three typical composite-stiffened cylindrical shells. The results demonstrate that under axial compression, the composite transverse hexagonal stiffened cylindrical shell structure shows significant advantages in both load-bearing capacity and efficiency, with improvements of 37.5% and 31.8%, respectively, compared with the initial design, and an increase in ultimate load by 10.6% and 4.4%, respectively,with respect to the other two configurations. Under axial compression, the sequential damage and failure of fibers and matrices are the main mechanisms of crushing failure of stiffened cylindrical shells. Therefore, post-buckling analysis should be carried out by comprehensively considering material damage and structural stability to obtain the ultimate load of composite-stiffened cylindrical shells.

耐烧蚀高熵涂层制备、评估与优化设计研究进展

Research Progress on the Preparation, Evaluation, and Optimal Design of Ablation-Resistant High-Entropy Coatings

李慧东;袁晓静;刘浩宇;姜楠;张敏;许东升;罗伟蓬; LI Huidong;YUAN Xiaojing;LIU Haoyu;JIANG Nan;ZHANG Min;XU Dongsheng;LUO Weipeng;

航天装备关键部件须经受高温高载及复杂环境的严苛考验，其热端部件的可靠服役性能一直是航天领域研究的热点问题之一。超高温高速气流冲刷、高能武器威胁造成的烧蚀等极端条件下，热防护涂层须具备稳定的高温服役能力。近年来，高熵材料凭借优异的机械性能、热稳定性和化学稳定性，备受航天材料领域关注。针对高超音速飞行器在长航时飞行中对典型结构件的耐烧蚀需求，分析了耐烧蚀高熵涂层设计、制备与评估进展；重点分析了多组元高熵材料的组分优选策略和热防护涂层的先进制备工艺，并探讨了其性能调控机制，为高性能耐烧蚀高熵涂层的制备与性能提升提供了参考。

The reliable service performance of hot-end components has long been a research focus in the aerospace field, as key components of aerospace equipment are subjected to rigorous tests under complex conditions involving high thermal and loads. Under extreme enviroments, such as high-thermal and high-speed gas flow erosion, and ablation caused by high-energy weapons, thermal protective coatings are required to maintain stable high-thermal service capabilities. In recent years, high-entropy materials, characterized by excellent mechanical properties, thermal and chemical stabilities, have attracted significant attention in the aerospace material field. Accordingly, the design, preparation, and evaluation progress of ablation-resistant high-entropy coatings were reviewed to address the need for ablation-resistant components of hypersonic vehicles in long-duration flights. The optimization strategies for multi-component high-entropy materials and advanced preparation processes for thermal protective coatings were analyzed, and the performance control machanisms were explored, providing support for the preparation and performance enhancement of high-performance ablation-resistant high-entropy coatings.

基于耗散伪应变能的NEPE固体推进剂疲劳损伤演化模型

Fatigue Damage Evolution Model for NEPE Solid Propellant Based on Dissipated Pseudo-Strain Energy

吴凡几;张文沁;张大鹏;雷勇军; WU Fanji;ZHANG Wenqin;ZHANG Dapeng;LEI Yongjun;

针对长时间公路运输后高能硝酸酯增塑聚醚（nitrate ester plasticized polyether,NEPE）固体推进剂的疲劳损伤表征问题，开展了应力控制模式下的循环拉伸试验，采用耗散伪应变能作为NEPE固体推进剂疲劳损伤过程的损伤因子，将疲劳损伤演化过程视作是蠕变损伤、拉压疲劳损伤及断裂损伤进程的叠加，构建了NEPE固体推进剂疲劳损伤演化模型并开展参数分析。结果表明：NEPE固体推进剂在应力控制的循环载荷作用下会表现出明显的应变落后于应力的滞后特征，并伴随着能量耗散现象，所定义的损伤因子可以有效量化其损伤演化过程；疲劳损伤演化模型可以精确表征NEPE固体推进剂在循环加载时的损伤衰减增长、稳态增长和加速增长3个阶段；加载最大应力对疲劳损伤演化起决定性作用，加载最大应力降低时，损伤演化的主导因素会逐渐由蠕变损伤向拉压疲劳损伤转变。

Cyclic tensile tests were conducted under stress-controlled conditions to address the issue of fatigue damage characterization in high-energy nitrate ester plasticized polyether(NEPE)solid propellants after long-term highway transportation. The dissipated pseudo-strain energy was adopted as the damage factor for the fatigue damage process of NEPE solid propellants. The fatigue damage evolution process was regarded as a superposition of the damages from creep, tensile-compressive fatigue, and fracture. A fatigue damage evolution model for NEPE solid propellants was constructed, and parameter analyses were conducted. The results indicate that NEPE solid propellants exhibit a significant stress-strain hysteresis characteristic, with strain lagging behind stress under stress-controlled cyclic loading, accompanied by energy dissipation phenomena. The defined damage factor can effectively quantify the damage evolution process. The fatigue damage evolution model can precisely characterize the three growth stages of NEPE solid propellants under cyclic loading, namely decay, steady-state, and accelerated growth. The maximum loading stress plays a decisive role in fatigue damage evolution. When the maximum loading stress decreases, the dominant factor in damage evolution gradually shifts from creep damage to tensile-compressive fatigue damage.

无人机航迹规划智能算法研究综述

Review of Intelligent Algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory Planning

鲜勇;郭靖;任乐亮;李少朋; XIAN Yong;GUO Jing;REN Leliang;LI Shaopeng;

针对传统无人机航迹规划算法计算效率低、适应性差的问题，从算法改进的角度出发，系统地梳理了国内外在无人机航迹规划领域的研究进展。从全局优化能力、动态适应性、计算效率以及鲁棒性等方面，阐述了无人机航迹规划智能算法具有的显著优势；同时，对航迹规划智能算法进行了详细分类和总结，从智能优化算法与机器学习算法的几种典型算法改进策略出发，对比分析了每种典型航迹规划智能算法的优缺点、应用场景以及改进方向；最后，结合当前无人机航迹规划所面临的多重挑战，对无人机航迹规划智能算法未来的研究趋势和潜在应用方向进行了展望，强调了航迹规划智能算法在提升算法性能、适应复杂环境、满足多样化任务需求以及智能算法融合等方面的重要性，为无人机航迹规划智能算法的研究与发展提供了参考。

To address the problems of low computational efficiency and poor adaptability of conventional unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)trajectory planning algorithms, progress in domestic and international research in this field was reviewed from the perspective of algorithm improvement. First, the substantial advantages of intelligent algorithms for UAV trajectory planning were elaborated based on global optimization capability, dynamic adaptability, computational efficiency,and robustness. Subsequently, a detailed classification and summary of intelligent algorithms for trajectory planning were presented. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, application scenarios, and improvement directions of each typical intelligent algorithm were comparatively analyzed according to typical algorithm improvement strategies of intelligent optimization and machine learning algorithms. Finally, combined with the multiple challenges currently encountered in UAV trajectory planning, future research trends and potential application directions of intelligent algorithms for UAV trajectory planning were discussed. Additionally, the importance of intelligent algorithms for trajectory planning in improving algorithm performance, adapting to complex environment, meeting diverse task requirements, and integrating intelligent algorithms were emphasized. The review provides a reference for the research and development of intelligent algorithms for UAV trajectory planning.

高温后钢纤维混凝土的力学性能与微观结构

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Elevated Temperature-processed Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

董婧;杨进良;王炜;刘渊;杜娟; DONG Jing;YANG Jinliang;WANG Wei;LIU Yuan;DU Juan;

为研究不同温度作用对钢纤维混凝土力学性能与微观结构的影响，对比了经25℃、200℃、400℃、600℃温度处理后自然冷却的普通混凝土与体积掺量为1%的钢纤维混凝土的力学性能与微观结构。首先，通过混凝土立方体抗压试验及劈裂抗拉试验获取了试件的破坏形态、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度；然后，使用霍普金森压杆装置开展了4种冲击气压下试件的动态冲击压缩试验，获取了动态抗压强度与动态压缩增长因子，并运用扫描电镜观察了不同处理温度条件下试件的微观结构。研究结果表明：随着处理温度的升高，普通混凝土与钢纤维混凝土的颜色、表观裂纹、质量以及微观结构上均会产生变化，抗压强度与劈裂抗拉强度均呈降低趋势，且在400～600℃时出现了骤降；钢纤维的加入可以在一定程度上降低混凝土的高温后质量损失率，有效改善混凝土的动静态力学性能。此外，钢纤维的桥接作用可在一定程度上抑制混凝土裂纹的扩展。

The effects of different temperatures on the mechanical properties and microstructure of steel fiber reinforced concrete(SFRC)was investigated by conducting a comparative study of the mechanical properties and microstructure of normal concrete(NC)that wasnaturally cooled after elevated-temperature treatment at 25 ℃, 200 ℃, 400 ℃ and 600 ℃, and SFRC with a volume proportion of 1%. First, the failure mode, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength were obtained by compression and splitting tensile tests of a concrete cube. Second, the dynamic compressive strength and dynamic compression growth factors were obtained through dynamic impact compression tests, which were conducted on the specimens under four different impact pressures using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar. The micro-structures of the specimens under different temperature treatments were observed using scanning electron microscope. Results showed that with an increase in temperature, both NC and SFRC change in terms of color, surface cracks, mass, and microstructure. Simultaneously, the compression and splitting tensile strengths show a decreasing trend, with a sudden drop at 400～600 ℃. However, the addition of steel fibers can reduce the mass-loss rate of concrete after high-temperature treatment, and effectively improve the dynamic and static mechanical properties of concrete. Additionally, the bridging effect of the steel fibers can inhibit the propagation of concrete cracks to some extent.

重型车辆高级驾驶辅助系统研究综述

Review on ADAS Technologies for Heavy-Duty Vehicles

张志利;祝慧鑫;周召发;赵军阳;张克凡; ZHANG Zhili;ZHU Huixin;ZHOU Zhaofa;ZHAO Junyang;ZHANG Kefan;

针对高级驾驶辅助系统（Advanced Driving Assistance System,ADAS）重型车辆视野盲区大、反应要求高、制动时间短的安全特征，论述了重型车辆ADAS技术的发展历程以及目前ADAS技术的涵盖范围，重点论述了重型车辆ADAS的环境感知技术（包括基于视觉类图像、雷达类点云、多模态融合的目标检测技术）以及定位定向技术（囊括局部高精地图构建和多模态融合定位定向方案研究）。展望了重型车辆ADAS技术的发展趋势。

Considering safety characteristics of heavy-duty vehicles such as large blind spots,high reaction requirements and short braking time, the development courses of heavy-duty vehicle ADAS technologies and the current coverage of ADAS technologies were reviewed. First, environment sensing technologies of heavy-duty vehicle ADAS, including target detection technologies based on vision-like images, radar-like point clouds and multimodal fusion were discussed respectively. Second, the localization and orientation technology of heavy-duty vehicle ADAS,encompassing the construction of local high-precision maps and the research of multimodal fusion localization and orientation scheme were described. Finally, the trend of further development of ADAS technologies for heavy-duty vehicles were predicted.

基于目标HSV（色调-饱和度-亮度）空间图像自适应分割的直线检测算法

Straight Line Detection Algorithm Based on Adaptive Segmentation of Target HSV Space Images

尉金强;杜文正;孙晓艳;聂婷;唐圣金; WEI Jinqiang;DU Wenzheng;SUN Xiaoyan;NIE Ting;TANG Shengjin;

针对现阶段利用数字图像进行半挂车倒车辅助过程中，存在辅助地标线检测效果鲁棒性差和实时性不高等问题，提出了一种基于目标色调-饱和度-亮度（Hue-SaturationValue,HSV）空间图像自适应分割的直线检测算法。首先，对不同场景下的直线目标进行分割提取，通过统计不同场景下目标HSV空间图像直方图确定图像分割的初始阈值，并基于初始阈值提出一种基于目标HSV空间的图像自适应分割算法。然后，对图像进行预处理及边缘检测，提取目标边缘点。最后，采用基于中位数绝对偏差的最小二乘直线检测方法剔除边缘点中的离群值以提高地标直线目标的检测精度。实验结果表明：该算法能够在不同背景、不同光照条件下对目标进行准确检测，具有良好的鲁棒性；与Hough变换算法相比，该算法的运算速度更快，直线检测的准确率更高，并且对不同颜色地标线的检测也具有良好的适用性。

To solve problems in exisiting digital images processing-based semi-trailer reversing assistant system development, such as poor robustness and low real-time of landmark line detection, a straight line detection algorithm based on adaptive segmentation of target Hue-Saturation-Value(HSV) space images was proposed. First, line targets in various scenes were segmented and extracted. Simultaneously, histograms of target images in the HSV space across different scenes were used to determine the initial threshold for image segmentation, based on which an image adaptive segmentation algorithm according to target HSV space images was proposed.Subsequently, the preprocessing and edge detection of images were conducted to extract edge points of targets. Finally, outliers of edge points were eliminated by using a median absolute deviation-based least squares straight line detection method to improve the detection accuracy of landmark line targets. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm is able to accurately detect targets under different backgrounds and lighting conditions with good robustness.Compared to the Hough transform algorithm, the algorithm has faster operation speed, higher accuracy of straight line detection, and good applicability to the detection of landmark lines of different colors.

基于动态卷积的混合模型性能评估方法

Performance Evaluation Method of Hybrid Model Based on Dynamic Convolution

迟骋;李向阳;张志利;汪潇; CHI Cheng;LI Xiangyang;ZHANG Zhili;WANG Xiao;

围绕大型复杂设备的安全、准确的性能评估急需，针对现有基于机器学习的性能评估方法难以捕捉时序数据的动态特性，且难以同时处理非线性和线性数据问题，提出了一种基于动态卷积的混合模型性能评估方法。该方法首先将动态数据输入动态卷积模块，从而更有效地进行特征提取，并保留数据的动态特性。然后，利用门控Transformer能够捕捉更复杂的长期依赖关系，而自回归模型能够更好地捕捉数据线性特征的特点，采用门控Transformer和自回归模型自适应加权的方法，以更好地适应不同使用场景和领域的数据。在C-MAPSS数据集的验证结果表明：预测误差与模型效率均有一定改进，尤其在FD002数据集中，对于均方根误差和Score评分函数，该方法比其他效果最好的方法分别提升了5.92、116。

There is an urgent need for the safe and accurate performance evaluation of large and complex equipment. Considering the incapacity of existing performance evaluation methods based on machine learning in capturing the dynamic characteristics of time series data and handling both nonlinear and linear data simultaneously, a hybrid model performance evaluation method based on dynamic convolution was proposed. Firstly, the proposed method input dynamic data into a dynamic convolution module for more effective feature extraction, while preserving the dynamic characteristics of the data. Then, the adaptive weighting method of gated transformer and autoregressive model is adopted to better suit data from different usage scenarios and fields. For the gated transformer can capture more complex long-term dependencies, and the autoregressive model can better capture the linear characteristics of the data. The proposed method was verified in the C-MAPSS dataset, the results showed that the prediction error and model efficiency were both improved to a certain extent. In particular, in the FD002 dataset, the proposed method improved the root mean square error and Score scoring function by 5.29 and 116 respectively compared to other methods with the best performance.

无人机航迹规划智能算法研究综述

Review of Intelligent Algorithms for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory Planning

鲜勇;郭靖;任乐亮;李少朋; XIAN Yong;GUO Jing;REN Leliang;LI Shaopeng;

针对传统无人机航迹规划算法计算效率低、适应性差的问题，从算法改进的角度出发，系统地梳理了国内外在无人机航迹规划领域的研究进展。从全局优化能力、动态适应性、计算效率以及鲁棒性等方面，阐述了无人机航迹规划智能算法具有的显著优势；同时，对航迹规划智能算法进行了详细分类和总结，从智能优化算法与机器学习算法的几种典型算法改进策略出发，对比分析了每种典型航迹规划智能算法的优缺点、应用场景以及改进方向；最后，结合当前无人机航迹规划所面临的多重挑战，对无人机航迹规划智能算法未来的研究趋势和潜在应用方向进行了展望，强调了航迹规划智能算法在提升算法性能、适应复杂环境、满足多样化任务需求以及智能算法融合等方面的重要性，为无人机航迹规划智能算法的研究与发展提供了参考。

To address the problems of low computational efficiency and poor adaptability of conventional unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)trajectory planning algorithms, progress in domestic and international research in this field was reviewed from the perspective of algorithm improvement. First, the substantial advantages of intelligent algorithms for UAV trajectory planning were elaborated based on global optimization capability, dynamic adaptability, computational efficiency,and robustness. Subsequently, a detailed classification and summary of intelligent algorithms for trajectory planning were presented. Furthermore, the advantages, disadvantages, application scenarios, and improvement directions of each typical intelligent algorithm were comparatively analyzed according to typical algorithm improvement strategies of intelligent optimization and machine learning algorithms. Finally, combined with the multiple challenges currently encountered in UAV trajectory planning, future research trends and potential application directions of intelligent algorithms for UAV trajectory planning were discussed. Additionally, the importance of intelligent algorithms for trajectory planning in improving algorithm performance, adapting to complex environment, meeting diverse task requirements, and integrating intelligent algorithms were emphasized. The review provides a reference for the research and development of intelligent algorithms for UAV trajectory planning.

偏振探测成像技术研究进展及其军事应用

Progress and Military Applications of Polarization Detection Imaging Technology

李林;张国清;周战荣;耿燚; LI Lin;ZHANG Guoqing;ZHOU Zhanrong;GENG Yi;

对代表性的偏振探测技术及其在军事领域中的主要应用给出了总结。首先,介绍了利用琼斯矩阵和穆勒矩阵进行偏振探测的基本原理；其次，就4种常见的偏振探测技术的实现方法及其优缺点进行了讨论，包括分时偏振成像技术和同时偏振成像技术（包括分振幅偏振成像、分孔径偏振成像、分焦平面偏振成像技术）；然后，介绍了偏振探测技术在目标探测、图像去雾、导航、地雷探测等军事方面的典型应用；最后,指出了偏振探测技术目前存在的难点问题以及未来发展展望。

Representative polarization detection technologies and its applications in military were summarized. Firstly, the basic principles of polarization detection using Jones matrix and Muller matrix were introduced. Secondly, four common polarization detection techniques, including the division-of-time polarization imaging as well as the division-of-amplitude polarization imaging, the aperture-divided polarization imaging and the division-of-focal-plane polarization imaging of the simultaneous polarization imaging, and their advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Then, typical applications of polarization detection technology in the military field, such as target detection, image dehazing, navigation and landmine detection, were introduced. Finally,the current difficulties and an outlook on the development of polarization detection technology were provided.

基于三维高斯泼溅技术的航拍场景建模

3D Gaussian Splatting-based Aerial Video Scene Modeling

何天琪;宋佳洁;程景春;潘雄; HE Tianqi;SONG Jiajie;CHENG Jingchun;PAN Xiong;

针对航拍视频场景建模存在的数据匮乏、现有算法建模细节缺失等问题，提出了基于仿真引擎的飞行场景数据采集方法，并采用三维高斯泼溅（3D Gaussian Splatting,3DGS）算法实现航拍场景的建模与渲染。首先，利用仿真引擎实现城区、沙滩、江桥3种典型场景下不同飞行轨迹、不同飞行速度、不同环境条件下的数据集获取，并进行航拍视频帧采样；然后，通过运动恢复结构实现场景的稀疏建模，再利用3DGS算法进行场景的稠密建模及渲染；最后，进行了模型的定量对比与定性分析实验。结果表明：与经典的COLMAP算法相比，所提算法具有更好的建模效果以及更完备的图像细节；线性、网格、螺旋不同的飞行轨迹均能得到较高的图像质量，但螺旋轨迹具有更好的场景通用性；飞行速度在30 m/s以下时可以得到较高质量的建模效果，其中PSNR>32 dB,SSIM>0.93,LPIPS<0.13；在不同环境条件下均能得到较高的图像质量，且在晴天白天理想光照下质量最佳。该研究为具有位姿灵活、飞行速度较快、场景大等难点的航拍视频提供了高精度、高鲁棒性的建模方案。

To solve the problems of data scarcity and lack of modeling details in existing algorithms in the modeling of aerial video scenes, a flight scene data acquisition method based on simulation engines was proposed. The advanced 3DGS(3D Gaussian Splatting)algorithm was adopted to model and render aerial scenes. First, simulation engines were used to obtain datasets for different flight trajectories, speeds, and environmental conditions in three typical scenes(urban areas, beaches, and river bridges), and to obtain samples of aerial video frames. In addition, the sparse modeling of the scenes was realized through the motion recovery structure, and the 3DGS algorithm was used for dense modeling and rendering of the scenes. Finally, quantitative comparison and qualitative analysis experiments of the models were conducted. The results show that compared with the classical COLMAP algorithm, the proposed algorithm has better modeling results and more complete image details. Higher image quality can be obtained in different flight trajectories(linear, grid, and spiral), while achieving better scene universality in spiral trajectories. Higher-quality modeling results can be obtained when the flight speed is below30 m/s(PSNR>32 dB, SSIM>0.93, LPIPS<0.13). Furthermore, high image quality can be achieved under different environmental conditions, and the best quality is achieved under ideal light during the daytime of sunny days. A high-precision and high-robustness modeling solution for aerial videos with difficulties such as flexible positions, fast flight speeds, and large scenes is provided in this paper.

一种电荷灵敏前置放大器的设计与实现

Design and Implementation of a Charge Sensitive Preamplifier

王佳帅;秦晋;许鹏;卜洪涛;王道平; WANG Jiashuai;QIN Jin;XU Peng;BU Hongtao;WANG Daoping;Xi'an CNNC Nuclear Instrument Co.Ltd;

针对传统金硅面垒α谱仪所使用的电荷灵敏前置放大器存在电路结构复杂、损坏后维修周期长的问题，基于低噪声场效应管和集成运算放大器，使用电路仿真软件，设计了针对金硅面垒半导体探测器的电荷灵敏前置放大器，简化了电路结构。对该前置放大器参数进行了理论计算和实验测试。结果表明：自制的电荷灵敏前置放大器的电荷变换增益为5×10~12V/C，能量变换增益为222 mV/MeV，上升时间为200 ns；将其应用于金硅面垒α谱仪之中，能够测量~239Pu板状源的α能谱。

To cover shortages of the charge sensitive preamplifier used in the existing Au-Si surface barrier alpha spectrometer, such as complex circuit structure and long maintenance cycle after damage, a charge sensitive preamplifier for gold silicon surface barrier semiconductor detector was designed based on low noise field effect transistor and integrated operational amplifier.The proposed preamplifier was designed with circuit simulation software and its simpler circuit structure. Furthermore, parameters of the charge sensitive preamplifier was obtained by theoretical calculation and verified by experimental tests. Results showed that the charge conversion gain of the self-made charge sensitive preamplifier is 5×10~12V/C, energy conversion gain is 222 mV/MeV and rise time is 200 ns. When it was applied to the Au-Si surface barrier α spectrometer, it can measure the α energy spectrum of ~239Pu plated source.

基于目标HSV（色调-饱和度-亮度）空间图像自适应分割的直线检测算法

Straight Line Detection Algorithm Based on Adaptive Segmentation of Target HSV Space Images

尉金强;杜文正;孙晓艳;聂婷;唐圣金; WEI Jinqiang;DU Wenzheng;SUN Xiaoyan;NIE Ting;TANG Shengjin;

针对现阶段利用数字图像进行半挂车倒车辅助过程中，存在辅助地标线检测效果鲁棒性差和实时性不高等问题，提出了一种基于目标色调-饱和度-亮度（Hue-SaturationValue,HSV）空间图像自适应分割的直线检测算法。首先，对不同场景下的直线目标进行分割提取，通过统计不同场景下目标HSV空间图像直方图确定图像分割的初始阈值，并基于初始阈值提出一种基于目标HSV空间的图像自适应分割算法。然后，对图像进行预处理及边缘检测，提取目标边缘点。最后，采用基于中位数绝对偏差的最小二乘直线检测方法剔除边缘点中的离群值以提高地标直线目标的检测精度。实验结果表明：该算法能够在不同背景、不同光照条件下对目标进行准确检测，具有良好的鲁棒性；与Hough变换算法相比，该算法的运算速度更快，直线检测的准确率更高，并且对不同颜色地标线的检测也具有良好的适用性。

To solve problems in exisiting digital images processing-based semi-trailer reversing assistant system development, such as poor robustness and low real-time of landmark line detection, a straight line detection algorithm based on adaptive segmentation of target Hue-Saturation-Value(HSV) space images was proposed. First, line targets in various scenes were segmented and extracted. Simultaneously, histograms of target images in the HSV space across different scenes were used to determine the initial threshold for image segmentation, based on which an image adaptive segmentation algorithm according to target HSV space images was proposed.Subsequently, the preprocessing and edge detection of images were conducted to extract edge points of targets. Finally, outliers of edge points were eliminated by using a median absolute deviation-based least squares straight line detection method to improve the detection accuracy of landmark line targets. Experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm is able to accurately detect targets under different backgrounds and lighting conditions with good robustness.Compared to the Hough transform algorithm, the algorithm has faster operation speed, higher accuracy of straight line detection, and good applicability to the detection of landmark lines of different colors.